A z-statistic, or z-score, measures relative discounts and relative premiums for closed-end funds. Z-scores can add context to a closed-end funds’ current discounts and premiums. For a premium, a ...

Z-scores measure how far a closed-end fund's current discount status is from its average premium or discount. Writers will often highlight the probability of a given Z-score, usually to bolster an ...

In this article, Manward Press Founder Andy Snyder looks at the Altman Z-Score. It’s a little-known but very powerful indicator formula that helps investors identify companies that are at high risk ...

Forecasting fiscal stability in municipalities is increasingly critical as public entities face unprecedented financial challenges. Recent research has adapted Altman's renowned Z-Score model — ...

Altman's Z-score is introduced in an Excel framework to produce a quick calculation of the Z-score with actual financial data available through the Internet. The lesson plan developed is easily ...