Invertebrates are animals that don’t have a spine or backbone inside their body. Other organisms, like you, have a backbone and are called vertebrates. To protect themselves, some invertebrates, such ...

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Octopuses are a famous example for invertebrates. Source: Maël BALLAND/Pexels In a recent article, published in Animal Sentience (the flagship journal for animal consciousness) by Heather Browning and ...

Invertebrates dominate the animal kingdom, making up 97 percent of all creatures. These animals, lacking a backbone, display incredible diversity. From microscopic mites to giant squid, their ...

Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. When French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck set out to categorize ...

If you see a funky-looking blob while you’re fishing in Ohio, don't look away. It could be a colony of numerous animals. Invertebrates in this colony, known as the bryozoan or "moss animals," reside ...

Kylie Williams does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...

Many scientific endeavors assume that the world can be usefully interpreted with an approach that systematically demonstrates each building block that contributes to the whole. Thus, for example, ...

Figure 1: Evolution of the virulence gene pool. Figure 3: Pathogenicity islands encode both insect and mammalian virulence factors. A common requirement of all bacterial pathogens is the need to avoid ...

When I was about 7 or 8 years old, my biology-professor dad brought me a present home from work: a jar of sticks. Or at least that’s what I thought it was. When some of them started moving he ...