(2011) for a review. The vertical structure of the Arctic Ocean: a layered approach to understanding the Arctic The Arctic water column (Figure 2) can be considered as a stacking of mostly non ...

At around 78 degrees north, warmer waters are brought to the freezing Arctic Ocean by the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift. The nutrient-rich water helps create a sea floor full of colour ...

Our study revealed a strong association between the large-scale distribution of bacteria and the main water masses of the deep Arctic Ocean. Oceans are not uniform, but made up of regional water ...