Before this work it was not possible to perform quantum calculations using only transistors. Other elements were needed and this provided a limitation for upscaling. This work shows a single ...

The transistor, invented at Bell Labs in 1947, replaced bulky vacuum tubes and enabled the miniaturization revolution that created modern electronics.

Because the new transistor — dubbed the "cryo-CMOS transistor" — is optimized to operate at temperatures under 1 K and emit near-zero heat, it offers plenty of advantages over traditional electronics, ...

The ever-shrinking features of transistors etched in silicon have always required pushing the cutting edge of manufacturing technology. The discovery of atomically thin materials like graphene and ...