Varying the voltage of a carrier or a direct current in order to transmit analog or digital data. Amplitude modulation (AM) is the oldest method of transmitting human voice electronically. In an ...

Jenoptik is one of the few companies in the world to address the market for pulse modulation of high and low power lasers. The Digital Imaging business unit presents at Photonics West their highly ...

As our society’s hunger for data grows—not only more data, but more data delivered faster—older modulation schemes based on NRZ-type encoding grow increasingly inadequate. We need to get data from ...

Ferroelectrics are commonly used in electrical devices such as random access memory, capacitors and piezoelectric actuators 1,2. Other important applications of ferroelectrics are based upon their ...