Lava cools very quickly at first forming a thin crust that insulates the interior of the lava flow. As a result, basaltic lava flows can form crusts that are thick enough to walk on in 10-15 minutes ...

Nature rarely does straight lines. If you look at a forest, a rock, or a coastline, you see all sorts of shapes and chaos. But visit the coast of Northern Ireland or the high deserts of Oregon, and ...

An curved arrow pointing right. Adding relatively minor factors like crystals, water, ice, and metal can drastically affect how lava moves, cools, and creates formations. When lava meets water, for ...