How did the bodies of animals, including ours, become such fine-tuned movement machines? This paper cuts directly into critical debates about how the ancient spinal cord and the relatively new human ...

Reflexes are automatic and involuntary actions the body produces in response to certain stimuli. While some reflexes can involve muscles and movement, others involve internal processes within the body ...

What is the acoustic reflex? When a loud sound stimulus is presented to the ear, there is a reflexive contraction of the minute muscles that are connected to the ossicles in the Middle Ear. When these ...